In this area, workers, drawn from Chile, Peru and Bolivia, to this hostile environment, lived in company towns and forged a distinctive communal Pampinos culture, manifest in their own rich language, creativity, and solidarity, and above all in pioneering struggles for social justice, that had a profound impact generally on social history. Humberstone and Santa Laura works are the best preserved and most representative remains of a series of over 200 saltpeter works that once existed, all of which were interconnected by a specially built modern railway system, and constitute an exceptional testimony to technological progress and global exchanges which were the cornerstone of the industrial era. In the remote desert Pampa, one of the driest deserts on earth, thousands of people lived and worked from the first half of the 19 th century to process the largest deposit of saltpeter in the world, producing the fertiliser sodium nitrate that was to transform agricultural land in North and South America, and Europe, and produce great wealth for Chile. A estas y otras oficinas salitreras instaladas en el desierto de la Pampa –una de las zonas mí¡s í¡ridas del planeta y mí¡s hostiles al ser humano– acudieron miles de pampinos desde 1880 para vivir y trabajar en ellas por espacio de sesenta años, a fin de extraer del yacimiento de salitre mí¡s grande del mundo el nitrato de sodio, fertilizante que transformó la agricultura en las dos Américas y en Europa, proporcionando a Chile una riqueza considerable. Aquí forjaron la cultura comunitaria específica de los pampinos, caracterizada por su creatividad, la riqueza de su expresión lingüística, los vínculos solidarios entre sus miembros y su lucha precursora por la justicia social, que dejaría una honda huella en la historia de los movimientos sociales. Las oficinas de Humberstone y Santa Laura cuentan con un total de 200 lugares de extracción del salitre, donde trabajadores llegados de Chile, Perú y Bolivia vivieron agrupados en campamentos de las compañías mineras. Oficinas salitreras de Humberstone y Santa Laura Installés dans la Pampa désertique et reculée, l’un des déserts les plus arides du globe, des milliers de pampinos ont vécu et travaillé, à partir de 1880 et pendant plus de soixante ans, dans un environnement hostile pour exploiter le plus grand gisement de salpêtre du monde et produire le nitrate de soude, un engrais qui allait transformer le paysage agricole de l’Amérique du Nord et du Sud, ainsi que celui de l’Europe, tout en procurant de grandes richesses au Chili. Cette culture se manifeste dans la richesse de la langue, la créativité et les liens de solidarité, et surtout dans les luttes pionnières menées par les pampinos pour la justice sociale, luttes dont l’impact fut profond sur l’histoire sociale. Les usines de Humberstone et de Santa Laura représentent plus de 200 anciens sites d’extraction du salpêtre, où des ouvriers, venus du Chili, du Pérou et de Bolivie, vécurent dans des cités minières et forgèrent une culture pampina commune. Usines de salpêtre de Humberstone et de Santa Laura Because of the vulnerability of the structures and the impact of a recent earthquake, the site was also placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger to help mobilize resources for its conservation.ĭescription is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 Situated in the remote Pampas, one of the driest deserts on Earth, thousands of pampinos lived and worked in this hostile environment for over 60 years, from 1880, to process the largest deposit of saltpeter in the world, producing the fertilizer sodium nitrate that was to transform agricultural lands in North and South America, and in Europe, and produce great wealth for Chile. That culture is manifest in their rich language, creativity, and solidarity, and, above all, in their pioneering struggle for social justice, which had a profound impact on social history. Humberstone and Santa Laura works contain over 200 former saltpeter works where workers from Chile, Peru and Bolivia lived in company towns and forged a distinctive communal pampinos culture. Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works
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